🇨🇳 China Episodes

On August 30th, Eastern Time, the Unclear Podcast broadcast a live conversation with Qi Hong, the person involved in the Chongqing slogan projection incident. The next day, we conducted a supplementary interview with Qi Hong. In addition to the topics discussed in the live broadcast: Who is he? Why did he do this? How did he plan and complete this action that can be called "performance art"? This episode also adds more about his experiences of making a living and studying Buddhism in Beijing for 20 years, the novels that influenced him, and how he tried to influence people around him after awakening in recent years, until he took the step of public resistance. What Qi Hong did can be called performance art. At 10 pm on August 29th, huge slogans projected on the exterior wall of a building near Chongqing University suddenly appeared. The slogans read: "There will be a new China without the Communist Party," "Down with red fascism, overthrow the Communist Party's tyranny," "We want truth, not lies, we want freedom, not slavery, the tyrannical Communist Party must step down"... This projection protest lasted for more than 50 minutes before the police located the projection position and shut down the equipment. The projector also left a letter for the police in the hotel room, in which he said: "The reason for taking this step is also out of desperation. Who would want to be displaced if they could have a good life?" He reasoned with the police: "Maybe you are a beneficiary now, but one day you will definitely be a victim on this land." He also called on the police not to embarrass irrelevant personnel: "If it is absolutely necessary, you can also raise the muzzle a little higher." **This episode contains live broadcast content and subsequent additional interview content.** PS: The second Unclear Festival is less than a week away. You are welcome to purchase offline tickets and come to Washington to celebrate the festival with more than two hundred audiences: [https://zeffy.com/en-US/ticketing/2025-in-person](https://zeffy.com/en-US/ticketing/2025-in-person) Click to purchase online tickets and participate in live interaction: [https://www.zeffy.com/en-US/ticketing/2025-online](https://www.zeffy.com/en-US/ticketing/2025-online) You are also welcome to ask questions to the guests of the Unclear Festival: [https://bit.ly/bmbj2-ask-01](https://bit.ly/bmbj2-ask-01) Timeline: 01:10 Background of the Chongqing slogan projection incident 03:07 Qi Hong's current situation and why he did this? 04:20 Early life experiences: Dropping out of school at the age of 16 to work, encountering molestation and violence in a shelter 13:07 In Beijing: Worked in logistics, distributed leaflets, sales, and started a Taobao store in 2006 16:50 Does the identity of a Buddhist conflict with projecting anti-communist slogans? 18:38 Experienced the demolition of Xiangtang Village in Beijing in 2019, and returned to Chongqing in 2021 20:41 Resisted the epidemic prevention policies and participated in the construction of "Fangcang" (makeshift hospitals) 23:17 Inspired by the White Paper Movement and the Sitong Bridge incident 24:22 Qi Hong's aversion to hate education 28:11 How the projection action was planned 30:34 Qi Hong's equipment: laser engraving machine, projector, camera 32:43 Testing slogans: Exercise every day for good health, healthy life is full of joy 34:15 Originally planned to project on "September 3rd" (Victory over Japan Day), but worried about changes and therefore wanted to advance the date 36:48 How to plan the aftermath? Does his family know about this? 38:48 Why did he think of leaving a letter for the police? 41:59 How to remotely control the projection and monitoring? 45:49 Afterwards, Qi Hong's mother was questioned by the police 47:52 How does Qi Hong face online comments? 53:36 How to respond to "the action is to apply for political asylum"? 57:10 How to prevent such actions from being just a personal flash in the pan? 59:59 What does Qi Hong want to say to ordinary Chinese people? 01:01:16 Qi Hong's future plans 01:05:02 When did Qi Hong's "awakening" begin? 01:08:42 Supplementary interview content 01:08:53 Qi Hong's Moments fragments 01:10:17 Why did he close the Taobao store? Where did he go afterwards? 01:11:45 Qi Hong in Beijing: Problems with second-hand housing and children's education 01:14:25 Why did he think of using monitoring to record this action? 01:18:16 Responding to rumors: Was Qi Hong a "internet commentator"? 01:22:32 Moments on the day of the White Paper Movement and the "Dystopian Trilogy" 01:25:39 Qi Hong's hermit-like life 01:27:54 Past nationalist sentiments 01:32:25 Why did he finally take this step? Related links: The "Dystopian Trilogy" mentioned by Qi Hong in the interview: [https://book.douban.com/subject/1858576/](https://book.douban.com/subject/1858576/) "Nineteen Eighty-Four" [https://book.douban.com/subject/27002046/](https://book.douban.com/subject/27002046/) "Brave New World" [https://book.douban.com/subject/4908879/](https://book.douban.com/subject/4908879/) "Animal Farm" Hosted on Acast. See [acast.com/privacy](https://acast.com/privacy) for more information.

-Cast-Phil Chang (Xiaohongshu ID: @Phil Chang) Bai Yike (Host of the podcast "Bai Yi Brushing Exhibits") -Timeline-Some Materials-National Museum of Korea in Seoul (Image source: Bai Yike) Samsung Museum of Art in Seoul (Image source: Bai Yike) Jeongnimsa Temple Site in Buyeo (Image source: Bai Yike) Buyeo National Museum (Image source: Bai Yike) Mireuksa Temple Site (Image source: Bai Yike) Gwangju National Museum (Image source: Bai Yike) Gongju National Museum (Image source: Bai Yike) Daegu National Museum (Image source: Bai Yike) Gyeongju National Museum (Image source: Bai Yike) Silla Royal Tombs (Image source: Bai Yike) Haeinsa Temple (Image source: Bai Yike) Bulguksa Temple (Image source: Bai Yike) Seokguram Grotto (Image source: Bai Yike) Tongdosa Temple (Image source: Bai Yike) Gaya Tombs (Image source: Bai Yike) Silla Royal Tombs-Produced by-Phil Chang-Listener Group-If the QR code is expired, please check the latest QR code at the bottom of the SanTai text in the latest issue, or send a private message to Phil Chang's Xiaohongshu or Douyin (ID: Phil Chang) to add the listener group *This program welcomes more interesting and high-quality content. Friends who have relevant experience and are interested can join the listener group to contact Phil Chang. "SanTai" looks forward to your sharing!

-Introduction- Qin and Han history scholar Li Kaiyuan has been deeply involved in the study of Qin Dynasty history for a long time. From "The Fall of Qin" and "The Mystery of Qin" to his new book "Assassinating Qin," he attempts to reinterpret the classic event of Jing Ke's assassination of the King of Qin, which has been passed down for thousands of years. Starting with Xia Wuqie, a neglected doctor, why are the details of the assassination of Qin in Sima Qian's writing so vivid? Why did Qin Wuyang shrink back in the Xianyang Palace? How exactly was the "King Carrying the Sword" sword-drawing method achieved? How does the real image of Qin Shi Huang differ from the tyrant in film and television dramas? If Jing Ke had successfully assassinated the King of Qin and Fusu had succeeded to the throne, how would the fate of the Qin Dynasty have been rewritten? Please listen to the wonderful sharing from our guest, Mr. Li Kaiyuan! -Participants in this episode- Cheng Yanliang (Weibo @GrenadierGuard2) Li Kaiyuan, Qin and Han history scholar, new book "Assassinating Qin" -Timeline- 01:42 Li Kaiyuan believes that historical research on Qin Shi Huang "mostly needs to be overturned and restarted" 07:50 Miyazaki Ichisada's excellent insights into "Jing Ke Assassinating the King of Qin" 11:38 How did medical officer Xia Wuqie witness the details? 15:54 Lu Goujian lamented Jing Ke's poor swordsmanship 18:33 Jing Ke was not the main assassin; did the original plan imitate Cao Gui? 21:24 How to draw the "King Carrying the Sword"? A thousand-year-spanning sword-matching textual research scene 26:23 How the description in "尉缭子" (Wei Liaozi) shapes the appearance of King Qin Ying Zheng 35:31 Alternative history: What would happen if the assassination of Qin succeeded? 42:16 Fusu, the prince of the Chu lineage, and Huhai, the prince of the Zhao lineage 45:57 The annihilation of the Wang, Meng, and other meritorious military families 49:34 Sima Qian had a good impression of the Qin state, while Ban Gu hated the Qin state 52:10 The Qin Dynasty was neither of the Water Virtue nor did it advocate black 57:28 Qin Shi Huang agreed with the "end of history" theory, rather than the "Theory of the Five Virtues" 58:50 From Liu Zongyuan's "On Feudalism" to Gu Yanwu's "On the System of Prefectures and Counties" 01:04:19 After thousands of years of tomb raiding, do we still have expectations for the interior of Qin Shi Huang's mausoleum? -Supporting our sponsors is the best support for us- "Suddenly Left Suddenly Right" book sales business is online! This time, it not only brings together the books discussed in depth in the program, but also the host's personal selection of books, including a small number of signed editions and rare original editions. For complete book information and purchase methods, go to the WeChat official account "忽左忽右leftright" and reply "买书" (buy books) to get it. The book list will be updated from time to time, welcome to come and have a look. -Production Team- Sound Design hotair Program Coordinator He Fang Program Operation Xiao Mili Program Production hualun Si Zhao Yo Logo Design Yang Wenji -Music- Danse Macabre - Busy Strings - Kevin MacLeod -This program is produced by JustPod © 2025 Shanghai Hulu Network Technology Co., Ltd.- -Interaction- Business cooperation: [email protected] Weibo: @忽左忽右leftright @播客一下 @JustPod WeChat Official Account: 忽左忽右Leftright / JustPod / 播客一下 Xiaohongshu: JustPod Atmosphere Group / 忽左忽右 Bilibili: 忽左忽右leftright Douyin: 忽左忽右

-导语- 秦汉史学者李开元长期深耕秦代历史研究，从《秦崩》《秦迷》到新著《刺秦》，他在新作中尝试重新解读荆轲刺秦王这一流传千年的经典事件。从一位被忽视的医生夏无且入手，为何司马迁笔下的刺秦细节如此生动？秦舞阳为何在咸阳宫临阵退缩？"王负剑"的拔剑方式究竟如何实现？秦始皇的真实形象与影视剧中的暴君有何不同？如果荆轲成功刺杀秦王，扶苏继位，秦朝的命运会如何改写？请听本期嘉宾李开元老师带来的精彩分享！ -本期话题成员- 程衍樑（微博@GrenadierGuard2） 李开元，秦汉史学者，新作《刺秦》 -时间轴- 01:42 李开元认为关于秦始皇的历史研究「多半要推倒重来」 07:50 宫崎市定对「荆轲刺秦王」的出色洞见 11:38 医官夏无且如何见证细节 15:54 鲁勾践叹息荆轲剑术不精 18:33 荆轲并非主刺者，原始方案模仿曹刿？ 21:24 「王负剑」怎么拔？一场跨越千年的配剑考据现场 26:23 《尉缭子》的描述如何塑造秦王嬴政的长相 35:31 架空历史：如果刺秦成功，会发生什么？ 42:16 楚系王子扶苏与赵系王子胡亥 45:57 王氏、蒙氏等军功家族的灰飞烟灭 49:34 司马迁对秦国有好感，班固痛恨秦国 52:10 秦朝既非水德，也不尚黑 57:28 秦始皇认同「历史终结论」，而非「五德终始说」 58:50 从柳宗元《封建论》到顾炎武《郡县论》 01:04:19 历代千年盗掘，我们对秦始皇陵内部还有期待吗？ -支持我们的赞助商是对我们最好的支持- 《忽左忽右》的卖书业务上线了！这次不仅汇集了节目中深入讨论过的书籍，还有主播个人精选书籍，含少量签名版及稀有原版，完整的书目信息及购买方式，前往微信公众号「忽左忽右leftright」，回复「买书」 即可获取。书目将不定期更新，欢迎常来看看。 -制作团队- 声音设计 hotair 节目统筹 禾放 节目运营 小米粒 节目制作 hualun 思钊 Yo logo设计 杨文骥 -音乐- Danse Macabre - Busy Strings - Kevin MacLeod -本节目由JustPod出品 © 2025 上海斛律网络科技有限公司- -互动方式- 商务合作：[email protected] 微博：@忽左忽右leftright @播客一下 @JustPod 微信公众号：忽左忽右Leftright / JustPod / 播客一下 小红书：JustPod气氛组 / 忽左忽右 B站：忽左忽右leftright 抖音：忽左忽右

-本期阵容- Phil Chang 姜昊求 韩中经济社会研究所 所长 张智华 在韩中国人法学会 名誉会长 -时间轴- -出品·制作- Phil Chang -听友群- 二维码过期时请查看最新一期正文三台下方二维码是否为最新，或者私信Phil Chang的小红书或抖音（ID：Phil Chang）添加听友群 *本节目欢迎更多有趣优质内容，有相关经历且有兴趣的朋友可以加听友群联系Phil Chang，《正文三台》期待各位的分享！

Today's guest is Yang Zhilin, founder and CEO of Moonshot AI, last on our show ("Business Interview") 1.5 years ago. This past July, the Kimi K2 model was released, drawing widespread attention. K2 is an open-source programming and Agentic large language model based on MoE architecture. Figuratively, the model uses programming to escape the closed "brain in a vat," growing "hands" to manipulate the external digital world. **Today, I talked with Yang Zhilin about K2's R&D, his current technical understanding, and technical judgments.** And, **as a founder, his feelings and thoughts during the past year's public opinion storms and entrepreneurial ups and downs.** 01:49 **An Infinite Mountain** It's like a book I'm reading: The Beginning of Infinity. Maybe one day we'll find this snow mountain has no end, I hope it never ends. But it's still a "brain in a vat": Imagine a fish tank, you put a brain in it, with no connection to the outside world. Whether it's reinforcement learning based on long thinking, or Agent's reinforcement learning, they point to the same thing: test-time scaling. Another interesting trend is that more model companies are now making "one-party Agent products." L1 to L5 are not necessarily serial relationships. Claude bets on this: it doesn't do much in Reasoning, but it does very well in Agent. Only when the model participates in the development process can the real Innovator (L4) stage be unlocked. 24:58 **K2 is K2 (Mount Godwin-Austen)** K2's key points: First, we want it to be a very good base model. We want to maximize the use of every piece of data, the so-called token efficiency - feeding the same amount of data, the "brain" grows more. We will do a lot of Rephrase operations on the data. We are very concerned about the Muon optimizer, which greatly improves token efficiency. Second, we want K2 to have good Agentic capabilities. For Agentic models, the biggest challenge is model generalization. It may be a transformation from a "brain in a vat" to being able to interact with the world, because the most important feature of an Agent is that it can use tools in multiple rounds. Humans are the so-called universal constructor. There is a potential idea that AI needs to be trained in a more AI native way. Muon will explode when you train it. 54:08 **A Simple and Complex System** Why did Kimi switch from closed source to open source? The model training is complete, and the product is basically complete. Making interaction improvements is certainly valuable, but that's the icing on the cake. It's already good if multi-modality doesn't damage the "brain." The multi-modality you learn may be a "dumb multi-modality," we want it to be a "smart multi-modality." Scaling Law has encountered a data wall, which is an objective fact. The data flywheel is very dependent on external feedback. We don't want the feedback to have a lot of noise, but we haven't solved this problem very well now. It now seems that scaling based on FLOPs is a more effective path, but when will this balance change? Many Long Context architectures affect "intelligence." Pure Linear Attention may affect intelligence because this architecture has some bias. Where are the long-term boundaries between base model companies and application companies that make Agent products? How to think about the business model today? Is API a good business? Can Kimi make money? 01:25:05 **In Your Own Story** Tim (Zhou Xinyu) tells me every day - manage with RL, not SFT. The biggest problem with managing a team with RL is that you are easily hacked. A lot of complexity is artificially added, it's not that complicated in reality. You can only say that you are in your own story - you constantly feel what kind of person you are, why you want to do this thing. I also asked Kimi this question, and he said that AI is the "amplifier of human civilization." This is also what Kimi told me - any intermediate state may become the object of criticism. There is definitely fear, but it's more important to focus on what you can do in the current step. - Thinking about this question is more important. 2024 Interview with Yang Zhilin: 《Chatting with Yang Zhilin about the past year of large model entrepreneurship: the increment of human ideals, probabilistic non-consensus, and Sora》 [More Information] Text and video versions are launched simultaneously. For the text version, please go to the official account: language is world For the video version, please go to Bilibili: Zhang Xiaojun Business Interview

-Intro- When did the first "tick-tock" of a mechanical watch begin? This sound, spanning five centuries, has witnessed the changes in technology, industry, and even the tides of the times. How did European court culture promote the development of the German watchmaking industry? How did a small German town complete its economic transformation from mining to watchmaking? Under the impact of American trusts, how did European craftsmen use "involution" to maintain a foothold? During the division of Germany, how did the watchmaking industry preserve the spark of technology in the cracks? The ups and downs of the watch industry reflect the eternal dialogue between technological inheritance and the changes of the times. Please listen to the wonderful sharing brought by this guest, Zhou Xiaokang! -Members of this issue- hualun, Resident Host of "Anyway" Zhou Xiaokang, Energy and Chemical Industry Expert -Timeline- 00:55 Zhou Xiaokang's memory of being a "watch factory child" 03:49 Smuggling, Counterfeits, and Shoddy Manufacturing: The chaotic domestic watchmaking industry at the end of the century 07:44 "Nuremberg Egg": The birth of the earliest portable timekeeping tool 12:30 "Pocket watches for men, wristwatches for women": The gender divide in early European watch-wearing 16:00 Courts, Wars, and the Age of Exploration: The triple driving force of the European watchmaking industry 21:51 After the end of the Napoleonic Wars, the German Lao Lange went to Paris to learn 26:17 Technician system and standardization: A 200-year-old European watchmaking town 36:55 "3/4 Plate": The technical cornerstone of German mechanical aesthetics 42:08 "American Shock" and "European Involution": The crossroads of the watchmaking industry at the end of the 19th century 48:51 The East German years of Glashütte: The division and struggle of technological inheritance 54:14 Rescue of watchmaking technology before the reunification of Germany 56:02 Watchmaking industry twin stars: Günter Blümlein and Walter Lange 59:39 The revival of the watchmaking industry after the reunification of Germany 01:02:25 In the digital age, we also need to find "mechanical romance" -The best support for us is our sponsors- This program is sponsored by A. Lange & Söhne. As a model of German precision watchmaking, A. Lange & Söhne was founded in 1845 and has laid the brilliant foundation of Saxon watchmaking through a century of inheritance. The silence after World War II did not hinder the pace of watchmaking. In 1990, Walter Lange, the fourth-generation descendant, embarked on the road to revival. For 180 years, A. Lange & Söhne has continuously climbed the peak of watchmaking craftsmanship, and every movement is made by the factory itself. Follow the WeChat official account "A. Lange & Söhne" or search for "Lange" on Xiaohongshu, or go to the WeChat mini program "Lange Craftsman World" to explore the endless pursuit of German craftsmanship. -Production Team- Sound Design hotair Program Coordination Hefang Program Operation Xiaomili Program Production hualun Sizhao Yo Logo Design Yang Wenji -Music- Danse Macabre - Busy Strings - Kevin MacLeod -This program is produced by JustPod © 2025 Shanghai Hulu Network Technology Co., Ltd.- -Interaction method- Business cooperation: [email protected] Weibo: @忽左忽右leftright @播客一下 @JustPod WeChat official account: 忽左忽右Leftright / JustPod / 播客一下 Xiaohongshu: JustPod atmosphere group / 忽左忽右 Bilibili: 忽左忽右leftright Douyin: 忽左忽右

-Intro- When did the first "tick-tock" of a mechanical watch begin? This sound, spanning five centuries, has witnessed the changes in technology, industry, and even the entire era. How did European court culture promote the development of the German watchmaking industry? How did a small German town complete the economic transformation from mining to watchmaking? Under the impact of American trusts, how did European craftsmen use "involution" to hold their ground? During the division of Germany, how did the watchmaking industry preserve the spark of technology in the cracks? The ups and downs of the clock industry reflect the eternal dialogue between technological inheritance and the changes of the times. Please listen to the wonderful sharing from our guest Zhou Xiaokang! -Members of This Episode- hualun, resident host of "Anyway Anyway" Zhou Xiaokang, energy and chemical industry expert -Timeline- 00:55 Zhou Xiaokang's memories of being a "watch factory child" 03:49 Smuggling, counterfeit goods, and shoddy manufacturing: the chaotic domestic watchmaking industry at the end of the century 07:44 "Nuremberg Egg": the birth of the earliest portable timing tool 12:30 "Pocket watches for men, wristwatches for women": the early gender division of wearing watches in Europe 16:00 Court, war, and the Age of Exploration: the triple driving force of the European watchmaking industry 21:51 After the end of the Napoleonic Wars, the German Lao Lange went to Paris to learn 26:17 Technician system and standardization: a 200-year-old European watchmaking town 36:55 "3/4 plate": the technical cornerstone of German mechanical aesthetics 42:08 "American Shock" and "European Involution": the crossroads of the watchmaking industry at the end of the 19th century 48:51 The East German years of Glashütte: the division and struggle of technological inheritance 54:14 Rescue of watchmaking technology before the reunification of Germany 56:02 Watchmaking industry twins: Günter Blümlein and Walter Lange 59:39 The revival of the watchmaking industry after the reunification of Germany 01:02:25 In the digital age, we also need to find "mechanical romance" -Our sponsors' support is the best support for us- This episode is sponsored by A. Lange & Söhne. As a model of German precision watchmaking, the Lange watch factory was founded in 1845, and its century-old heritage laid the brilliant foundation for Saxon watchmaking. The silence after World War II did not stop the pace of watchmaking. In 1990, the fourth-generation descendant Walter Lange embarked on the road to revival. For 180 years, Lange has continued to climb to new heights in watchmaking craftsmanship, and every movement is made by the factory itself. Follow the WeChat official account "A. Lange & Söhne" or search for "Lange" on Xiaohongshu, or go to the WeChat mini program "Lange Craftsman's World" to explore the endless pursuit of German craftsmanship. -Production Team- Sound Design hotair Program Coordinator He Fang Program Operation Xiaomili Program Production hualun Sizhao Yo Logo Design Yang Wenji -Music- Danse Macabre - Busy Strings - Kevin MacLeod -This program is produced by JustPod © 2025 Shanghai Hulu Network Technology Co., Ltd.- -Interaction- Business cooperation: [email protected] Weibo: @忽左忽右leftright @播客一下 @JustPod WeChat official account: 忽左忽右Leftright / JustPod / 播客一下 Xiaohongshu: JustPod Atmosphere Group / 忽左忽右 Bilibili: 忽左忽右leftright Douyin: 忽左忽右

故事FM 第855期 在今天的讲述者 Andy 的身体里，有一个未完成的世界。 Andy 没有子宫，没有卵巢，也没有阴道。于是对于 Andy 和很多跟她一样情况的人，民间给了 他（她）们许多称呼，有的刺耳，有的定义模糊。可这些称呼，从来都不足以定义 Andy。她依然是一个完整的人，一个在寻找爱与自我的灵魂。 /Staff/ 讲述者 | Andy 主播 | @故事FM 爱哲 制作人 | 陆丹 文案整理 | 陆丹 声音设计 | 王略 运营 | 鸣鸣 用你的声音，讲述你的故事。 故事FM 是一档亲历者自述的声音节目。 在以下渠道均可收听我们的节目： 苹果播客 | 网易云音乐 | 喜马拉雅 蜻蜓FM | 荔枝FM | 懒人听书 小宇宙 | QQ音乐 | 酷狗音乐 | 酷我音乐 Spotify | YouTube Music 商务合作：[email protected] 微信公众号：故事FM (ID: story_fm) 新浪微博：@故事FM_StoryFM 个人微信号：gushi_fm02

In 2025, China's economy is in recession: unemployment, debt, and deflation are hitting one after another, but on the other hand, from DeepSeek, domestic chips to J-10 fighters, China seems to be at the forefront of the world in wave after wave of technology boom. Different from the "self-hi" of previous nationalists, the voice of praise for Chinese technology also comes from the United States, the opponent in the trade war. For example, expert testimony at U.S. congressional hearings believes that China has gained an advantage in biopharmaceuticals. A guest commentary in the New York Times commentary section also cited research data from an Australian think tank to prove that China is already leading in the field of technology. The guest of this podcast is Professor Xu Chenggang, a senior researcher at the Stanford Center for Chinese Economic and Institutional Studies. Professor Xu will lead us to re-examine the Sino-US technology competition. When observing and judging the Sino-US technology competition, what aspects should we focus on? How much of China's technological prosperity is real, and how much is illusory? Why can China control the industrial chain globally? Has China surpassed the United States in some technological fields? Should the United States impose a technology blockade on China? PS: The online ticket for the 2nd Do Not Understand Festival is officially open for registration! We will also give away a free online ticket to donors and paid subscribers of the Do Not Understand podcast, including new donations and subscriptions before September 1st. Thank you for your long-term support so that this program can continue. Click to directly purchase tickets and register for free ticket information: [https://www.zeffy.com/en-US/ticketing/2025-online](https://www.zeffy.com/en-US/ticketing/2025-online) Offline ticket purchase link: [https://zeffy.com/en-US/ticketing/2025-in-person](https://zeffy.com/en-US/ticketing/2025-in-person) **Timeline:** 03:21 Taking clinical trials of new drugs as an example, why China's biopharmaceutical advantages are affirmed 06:03 Why is China's technological strength called "me better" 09:27 The debate over stealing technology: what is most important in the industrial revolution 12:10 How to view China's leading data in paper publications and patent applications 17:20 Taking the Nobel Prize and the theory of relativity as examples, why top innovation cannot be measured by indicators 20:01 Why use commercial indicators to measure new quality productivity 26:59 Comparing today's Sino-US competition with the US-Soviet competition during the Cold War 30:44 Occupying the global supply chain with the power of the whole country 33:02 China's pioneering overseas enterprises lack technological competitiveness, but have strong control over the industrial chain 38:42 Taking Nvidia as an example, should the United States impose an AI chip embargo on China 41:41 Is there a solution to "Great Leap Forward" style repeated construction? 47:20 The special relationship between Chinese private enterprises and local industrial strategies 49:18 Why the Chinese government does not allow companies to go bankrupt 52:09 Will China's industrial policy distort the global market? 54:06 Guest recommendation Guest recommendation: [https://book.douban.com/subject/36350632/](https://book.douban.com/subject/36350632/) Chris Miller, "Chip War" [https://www.books.com.tw/products/0011017145?srsltid=AfmBOopTLOdqhffX5AYuHfIT7Knecm9i541NUMMeIXyri233gs2IWfao](https://www.books.com.tw/products/0011017145?srsltid=AfmBOopTLOdqhffX5AYuHfIT7Knecm9i541NUMMeIXyri233gs2IWfao) Shi Qintai, Chen Tianzhi, Wu Shumin, "From the Edge to the Core, How Taiwan's Semiconductor Became the Heart of the World" [https://www.books.com.tw/products/0011005571?srsltid=AfmBOoouY6LTs14fmlfmHJVm4T1PtkxS-c7j7X_NwO9cW489PFUJAYCA](https://www.books.com.tw/products/0011005571?srsltid=AfmBOoouY6LTs14fmlfmHJVm4T1PtkxS-c7j7X_NwO9cW489PFUJAYCA) "Morris Chang's Autobiography" [https://a.co/d/7sps0pO](https://a.co/d/7sps0pO) Xu Chenggang, "Institutional Gene: The Origin of Chinese Institutions and Totalitarian Institutions" Related links: [https://a.co/d/7OV1Csk](https://a.co/d/7OV1Csk) "Institutional Gene" English version [https://youtu.be/LZa0dmyWteE](https://youtu.be/LZa0dmyWteE) "EP-137 Xu Chenggang: Can DeepSeek and Private Enterprise Symposium Revitalize China's Economy?" Hosted on Acast. See [acast.com/privacy](https://acast.com/privacy) for more information.

- 导语 - 格鲁吉亚是高加索山脉的十字路口，也是斯大林与贝利亚的故乡。从古希腊殖民者与波斯帝国的交锋，到帖木儿的多次入侵；从被沙俄强行吞并，到21世纪频发的政治地震——这个夹缝中的小国始终在欧亚大国博弈间生存。特殊的地缘和地形如何为格鲁吉亚的历史写下注脚？请听本期嘉宾陆大鹏带来的精彩分享。 - 本期话题成员 - 程衍樑（微博@GrenadierGuard2） 陆大鹏，世界史研究者，英德译者，著有《德意志贵族》《巴比伦怪物：魏玛共和国犯罪鉴证实录》等，译有《阿拉伯的劳伦斯》等。 - 时间轴 - 02:39 慈父老家和苏联科幻：格鲁吉亚初印象 06:38 金羊毛与美狄亚：希腊神话中的格鲁吉亚 19:09 在罗马与波斯之间摇摆 23:51 延续千年的巴格拉季奥尼家族 30:43 俯视拜占庭，入侵波斯：「塔玛尔女王」的巅峰统治 37:59 花剌子模、蒙古人与帖木儿的多次入侵 40:27 热那亚人在黑海：贸易、冲突与黑死病传说 44:28 臣服沙俄，引狼入室还是绝地求生？ 56:11 斯大林时代的格鲁吉亚 01:03:59 1956年第比利斯抗议与格鲁吉亚民族主义的升温 01:07:27 「格鲁吉亚人的太阳不从东方升起，而从北方升起」 01:14:36 苏联解体与军阀混战，首任总统流亡车臣 01:19:22 谢瓦尔德纳泽：政坛不倒翁的传奇一生 01:21:40 严打、反腐与解决军阀：萨卡什维利的治理和丑闻 01:29:39 「俄格战争」的背后 01:33:10 「格鲁吉亚梦想党」执政，首富伊万尼什维利上台 01:36:40 萨卡什维利逃亡记 - 支持我们的赞助商是对我们最好的支持 - 《忽左忽右》的卖书业务上线了！这次不仅汇集了节目中深入讨论过的书籍，还有主播个人精选书籍，含少量签名版及稀有原版，完整的书目信息及购买方式，前往微信公众号「忽左忽右leftright」，回复「买书」 即可获取。书目将不定期更新，欢迎常来看看。 - 制作团队 - 声音设计 hotair 节目统筹 禾放 节目运营 小米粒 节目制作 hualun 思钊 Yo logo设计 杨文骥 - 音乐 - Danse Macabre - Busy Strings - Kevin MacLeod - 本节目由JustPod出品 © 2025 上海斛律网络科技有限公司 - - 互动方式 - 商务合作：[email protected] 微博：@忽左忽右leftright @播客一下 @JustPod 微信公众号：忽左忽右Leftright / JustPod / 播客一下 小红书：JustPod气氛组 / 忽左忽右 B站：忽左忽右leftright 抖音：忽左忽右

-Introduction- Georgia, a crossroads of the Caucasus Mountains, is the hometown of Stalin and Beria. From the clashes between ancient Greek colonists and the Persian Empire to Timur's multiple invasions; from being forcibly annexed by Tsarist Russia to the frequent political earthquakes in the 21st century—this small country in the cracks has always survived in the game between Eurasian powers. How does the special geography and topography write footnotes to Georgia's history? Please listen to the wonderful sharing brought by our guest Lu Dapeng in this issue. -Members of this issue- Cheng Yanliang (Weibo @GrenadierGuard2) Lu Dapeng, world history researcher, English-German translator, author of "German Aristocrats" "Babylonian Monsters: Weimar Republic Crime Forensic Records", translator of "Lawrence of Arabia" and so on. -Timeline- 02:39 Father's hometown and Soviet science fiction: First impression of Georgia 06:38 Golden Fleece and Medea: Georgia in Greek mythology 19:09 Swinging between Rome and Persia 23:51 The Bagrationi family that lasted for thousands of years 30:43 Overlooking Byzantium, invading Persia: The peak rule of "Queen Tamar" 37:59 Khwarazm, Mongols and Timur's multiple invasions 40:27 Genoese in the Black Sea: Trade, conflict and the legend of the Black Death 44:28 Submitting to Tsarist Russia, introducing wolves into the house or surviving desperation? 56:11 Georgia in the Stalin era 01:03:59 The Tbilisi protests in 1956 and the rise of Georgian nationalism 01:07:27 "The Georgian sun does not rise from the east, but from the north" 01:14:36 The collapse of the Soviet Union and the warlord melee, the first president exiled to Chechnya 01:19:22 Shevardnadze: The legendary life of an evergreen tree in politics 01:21:40 Crackdown, anti-corruption and solving warlords: Saakashvili's governance and scandals 01:29:39 Behind the "Russo-Georgian War" 01:33:10 "Georgian Dream Party" in power, the richest man Ivanishvili took office 01:36:40 Saakashvili's escape -Supporting our sponsors is the best support for us- "Suddenly Left and Right" book selling business is online! This time, it not only brings together the books that have been discussed in depth in the program, but also the anchor's personally selected books, including a small number of signed editions and rare original editions. For complete book information and purchase methods, go to the WeChat official account "Suddenly Left and Rightleftright", and reply "Buy books" to get it. The book list will be updated from time to time, welcome to come and see. -Production team- Sound design hotair Program coordination Hefang Program operation Xiaomi Li Program production hualun Sizhao Yo Logo design Yang Wenji -Music- Danse Macabre - Busy Strings - Kevin MacLeod -This program is produced by JustPod © 2025 Shanghai Hulu Network Technology Co., Ltd.- -Interaction method- Business cooperation: [email protected] Weibo: @忽左忽右leftright @播客一下 @JustPod WeChat official account: 忽左忽右Leftright / JustPod / 播客一下 Xiaohongshu: JustPod atmosphere group / 忽左忽右 Bilibili: 忽左忽右leftright Douyin: 忽左忽右

-This episode's lineup-Phil Chang (Xiaohongshu ID: @Phil Chang)-Production·Production-Phil Chang-Listeners group-If the QR code expires, please check whether the QR code at the bottom of the latest episode's main text is the latest, or private message Phil Chang's Xiaohongshu or Douyin (ID: Phil Chang) to add the listener group*This program welcomes more interesting and high-quality content. Friends with relevant experience and interests can join the listener group to contact Phil Chang. "Zhengwen Santai" looks forward to your sharing!

-Introduction- 2025 is a political "big year" for Southeast Asia and the centennial of Mahathir's birth. As a famous Malay nationalist and the creator of Malaysia's modern political and economic system, his life connects the past century of Malaysian history. After the British withdrawal, how do diverse ethnic groups influence Malaysian politics? From a coffee stall vendor to a political strongman, what are Mahathir's political ideals? How did the 1997 Asian financial crisis affect Malaysian politics? Can Mahathir, who returned to power at the age of 92 and then quickly stepped down, make a comeback? Please listen to the wonderful sharing brought by guest Xu Zhenhua in this issue! - Topic Members This Issue - Cheng Yanliang (Weibo @GrenadierGuard2) Xu Zhenhua, international news reporter, focusing on Southeast Asia. - Timeline - 04:56 "Chopsticks Theory" and Chinese Signboards: Racial issues frequently hyped by Mahathir 09:38 The experience of being surrounded by Chinese while studying in Singapore 10:49 The alliance between "UMNO" and "MCA" in the wave of independence 16:48 The beginning and end of the "May 13 Incident": The anti-Chinese tragedy caused by political divisions 21:22 "Not Malay, but Malaysian": Pluralism of Malaysian ethnic groups 25:00 "Self-Hating" nationalism in Mahathir's books 30:13 The national car dream: Mahathir's American-style modernization vision 33:09 Malays, Islam and the monarch: Malaysia's nationalist triangle 37:41 "Internal Security Act" and Mahathir's realistic political means 40:16 Fighting without breaking: The social position of Chinese businessmen in Malaysia 42:28 The 1997 Asian financial crisis strikes, and the Malaysian political arena splits 45:46 Why did Anwar, who advocated for multi-ethnic groups, fail to gain Chinese support? 49:12 "I'm indispensable": After the Najib scandal, Mahathir came out again at the age of 92 53:59 The 22-month collapse, the "Sheraton Move" caused Mahathir to stumble 59:34 "Eternal rivals": The subtle relationship between Lee Kuan Yew and Mahathir 01:05:53 Mahathir, who was disliked, fought for the ethnic group his entire life - Supporting our sponsors is the best support for us - 《Left and Right》's book selling business is now online! This time, it not only gathers books that have been discussed in depth in the program, but also includes books personally selected by the host, including a small number of signed editions and rare original editions. For complete book information and purchase methods, go to the WeChat official account "Left and Right leftright" and reply "Buy Books" to get it. The book list will be updated from time to time, welcome to come and see it often. - Production Team - Sound Design hotair Program Coordinator He Fang Program Operation Xiaomili Program Production hualun Si Zhao Yo Logo Design Yang Wenji - Music - Danse Macabre - Busy Strings - Kevin MacLeod - This program is produced by JustPod © 2025 Shanghai Hulu Network Technology Co., Ltd. - - Interaction Methods - Business cooperation: [email protected] Weibo: @忽左忽右leftright @播客一下 @JustPod WeChat Official Account: 忽左忽右Leftright / JustPod / 播客一下 Xiaohongshu: JustPod Atmosphere Group / 忽左忽右 Bilibili: 忽左忽右leftright Douyin: 忽左忽右

-简介-2025年是东南亚的政治“大年”，也是马哈蒂尔的百年诞辰。作为著名的马来民族主义者、马来西亚近现代政治经济体制的打造者，他的人生串联起马来西亚过去百年的历史。英国人撤出之后，多元种族如何影响马来西亚政局？从咖啡摊贩到政治强人，马哈蒂尔有着怎样的政治理想？1997年亚洲金融风暴如何影响了马来西亚政坛？92岁重新上台又光速退场的马哈蒂尔，能否卷土重来？请听本期嘉宾许振华带来的精彩分享！-本期话题成员-程衍樑（微博@GrenadierGuard2）许振华，国际新闻记者，关注东南亚。-时间轴-04:56「筷子论」与中文招牌：马哈蒂尔频繁炒作的种族议题09:38 在新加坡读书被华人包围的少年经历10:49 独立浪潮中「巫统」与「马华公会」的联盟16:48「五一三事件」始末：政治分野酿成的排华惨案21:22「不是马来人，而是大马人」：马来西亚族群的多元主义25:00 马哈蒂尔书中的「自我仇恨」民族主义30:13 全民汽车梦：马哈蒂尔的美国式现代化畅想33:09 马来人、伊斯兰教与君主：马来西亚的民族主义三角37:41「内安法」和马哈蒂尔的现实政治手段40:16 斗而不破：华商在马来西亚的社会位置42:28 1997亚洲金融风暴来袭，马来西亚政坛分裂45:46 主张多元族群的安瓦尔，为何没能受到华人支持？49:12「没我真不行」：纳吉弊案后，马哈蒂尔92岁再出山53:59 22个月崩盘，「喜来登事件」让马哈蒂尔马失前蹄59:34「一时瑜亮」：李光耀与马哈蒂尔的微妙关系01:05:53 被嫌弃的马哈蒂尔为族群奋斗的一生-支持我们的赞助商是对我们最好的支持-《忽左忽右》的卖书业务上线了！这次不仅汇集了节目中深入讨论过的书籍，还有主播个人精选书籍，含少量签名版及稀有原版，完整的书目信息及购买方式，前往微信公众号「忽左忽右leftright」，回复「买书」即可获取。书目将不定期更新，欢迎常来看看。-制作团队-声音设计 hotair节目统筹 禾放节目运营 小米粒节目制作 hualun 思钊 Yo logo设计 杨文骥-音乐-Danse Macabre - Busy Strings - Kevin MacLeod-本节目由JustPod出品 © 2025 上海斛律网络科技有限公司--互动方式-商务合作：[email protected]微博：@忽左忽右leftright @播客一下 @JustPod微信公众号：忽左忽右Leftright / JustPod / 播客一下小红书：JustPod气氛组 / 忽左忽右B站：忽左忽右leftright抖音：忽左忽右

The new episode of the "Global Large Model Quarterly Report" is finally here, under everyone's strong urging. This episode has two keywords. **The first keyword is differentiation.** In this quarter, various model companies in Silicon Valley began to differentiate into various fields. Apart from Google Gemini and OpenAI still making general-purpose models, Anthropic differentiated into Coding and Agentic model capabilities; Mira's Thinking Machines differentiated into multi-modality and next-generation interaction. **The second keyword is product.** In the past, the "Large Model Quarterly Report" has focused on the intelligent exploration of models, but Guangmi has begun to discuss products in detail, which is a first. This is the 7th episode of the "Global Large Model Quarterly Report". If you like our series, we hope you will give us more encouragement and support. **Your praise is very important to us.** 2025, looking forward to our common progress with AI! > **03:54 Model Differentiation** General-purpose models with various capabilities - Gemini/OpenAI All in Coding+Agentic capabilities - Anthropic Multi-modal native - Thinking Machines Lab Grok is still exploring its ecological position today Meta's original 0-1 gene is still very weak The most leading companies are very similar to F1 competitions > **21:37 Horizontal Full-Family Bucket, Vertical Integration** C-end is a very obvious head convergence trend, ChatGPT may converge many products at the C-end As an investor or AI entrepreneur, one side is excited that the technology is progressing every month, and the other side is a bit desperate An example of a horizontal full-family bucket is ChatGPT, which already includes Chat+Search+Coding+Agent+WorkSpace An example of vertical integration is Gemini, from TPU chips, to Gemini models, to Agent applications on top, to Google Docs/Chrome browser/Android operating system/YouTube videos, which can do super integration > **33:35 Intelligence and Product are Both Important** In the past 3 years, we have been extremely obsessed with exploring the upper limit of intelligence, but in the past two months, we have begun to pay attention to products ChatGPT has many non-technical barriers, while Coding or model companies only have technical barriers OpenAI is the best balanced company, exploring the upper limit of intelligence while also transforming intelligent dividends into product traffic and brand awareness > **38:52 Making AI Products is Like Mining, the Preservation Window is Key** Mining: The first experience that amazes users is very important, even if the token consumption is very large, as long as you are the first to create Magic moments that amaze users, it is equivalent to you have received at least 500 million US dollars in marketing expenses, such as Perplexity/Cursor/Manus But this window period is particularly interesting, the window is gradually shortening: from 2 years, 1 year, 3 months Can product companies win over products made by model companies? > **44:21 L4 Level Experience** The two best Agents both have L4 experience: ChatGPT's Deep Research + Anthropic's Claude Code, corresponding to information search + software development respectively Today's biggest dividend is still language/code dividend, especially code, not multi-modal/world model/robot Claude Code has been killing it recently, Claude Code is an L4 experience What other areas will have L4 level experience next? > **52:43 Change in View of Google** One guess is that ChatGPT will definitely make an advertising platform in the future, because it recently hired a new commercialization CEO But I think Google is still the best advertising platform in the world. In the end, everyone's product forms will converge to the same goal, and what is integrated together is the full-family bucket logic, and Search will also evolve > **55:53 Other Topics** Is there a bubble in AGI? If there is a bubble in AGI, what will be the trigger to burst the bubble? What is the difference in intelligence level between humans and gorillas? What new topics have been discussed more recently in the Bay Area? **"Jewish finance, Chinese AGI"** [Global Large Model Quarterly Report] Series 2023: Oral Global Large Model This Year: Human Billion-Dollar Scientific Gamble and Uneven Sino-US Landscape 2024 Q1: Chatting with Guangmi about the AGI Large Infrastructure Era: Electricity + Chip = Output Intelligence 2024 Q2: Oral Global Large Model This Half Year: Perplexity's Sudden Popularity and the AI Application Ecosystem That Has Not Yet Exploded 2024 Q3: AGI Paradigm Shift: Predicting Strawberries, OpenAI o1 and Self-Play RL with Guangmi 2024 Q4: Large Model Quarterly Report Year-End Special: Predicting the Way LLM Products Surpass Google with Guangmi 2025 Q1: Large Model Quarterly Report: Chatting with Guangmi about the Biggest Non-Consensus at the Moment, the Main Line and Main Peak of AGI

From Xi Jinping's purges, succession issues, to US-China technology competition, we discuss some of the most noteworthy topics with renowned historian Professor Stephen Kotkin. Professor Kotkin is a senior fellow at the Hoover Institution and a leading scholar on the Soviet Union and Stalin. He is the author of the two-volume "Stalin" biography and is currently writing the third volume. His research on Stalin has reshaped our understanding of the operating logic of Leninist regimes. His research extends beyond the Soviet Union to global authoritarianism and increasingly focuses on contemporary China. In this episode, Professor Kotkin explains why he says Stalin, not Mao Zedong, is the ultimate model of a dictator, why Hitler faced multiple assassination attempts while Stalin did not, how to understand Xi Jinping's current purges from Stalin's purges in the 1930s, what elite dissatisfaction means for Leninist totalitarian regimes, and why Stalin, Mao Zedong, and Xi Jinping are unwilling to appoint successors, among many other questions. This is the first time Unclear Podcast has recorded a program in English. On YouTube, we have carefully prepared Chinese subtitles for our listeners. Click here: [https://youtu.be/WMb7y1JIgUA](https://youtu.be/WMb7y1JIgUA) We believe that Professor Kotkin's research is essential for understanding contemporary China. PS: Registration for the second Unclear Festival online ticket is now officially open! We will also give away a free online ticket to donors and paid subscribers of the Unclear Podcast, including new donations and subscriptions before September 1st. Thank you for your long-term support, which allows this program to continue. Click to purchase tickets or register for free tickets: [https://www.zeffy.com/en-US/ticketing/2025-online](https://www.zeffy.com/en-US/ticketing/2025-online) Offline ticket purchase link: [https://zeffy.com/en-US/ticketing/2025-in-person](https://zeffy.com/en-US/ticketing/2025-in-person) **Timeline:** 02:43 Why is Stalin, not Mao Zedong, the Gold Standard of dictators? 08:00 Does Stalin's rise help to understand Xi Jinping? 12:54 Did Xi Jinping intend to become a dictator from the start? 14:10 The relationship between the Communist Party and private enterprises 18:06 "You can't be half a communist, just like you can't be half pregnant" 22:14 Two things learned at the Central Party School: the rise of the East and the fall of the West, and the collapse of the Soviet Union 24:57 The incompatibility of Leninist regimes with political reform 26:29 Similarities between Xi Jinping's purges and Stalin's purges 30:44 Xi Jinping's dilemma in a huge system: even close aides can be a threat 38:39 Limitations of Xi Jinping's power in daily affairs or policy issues 39:34 Why Hitler faced multiple assassination attempts while Stalin did not 45:14 The biggest weakness of the Xi regime: elite doubts 49:50 The unexpected revealing effect of the Zero-COVID policy on ordinary Chinese people 52:39 Are CIA recruitment ads for CCP officials effective? 54:50 Taking Confucius Institutes as an example, how to respond to the CCP's challenges in soft power 59:50 How to respond to current US immigration and economic policies 1:09:57 Technology showdown: Lessons from the US-Soviet Cold War and a comparison of the technological strength of the Soviet Union and China 1:19:00 Can technological competition solve the legitimacy and fragility of the regime? 1:28:50 The Taiwan issue and Xi Jinping's considerations 1:41:50 Will Xi Jinping appoint a successor? 1:50:01 We must prepare for Xi Jinping to continue in power for 20 or even 25 years 1:52:30 "In an unfree system, you can still live a free life" 2:00:10 Guest recommendations Guest Recommendations: [https://book.douban.com/subject/2254651/](https://book.douban.com/subject/2254651/) Elias Canetti 《Auto-da-Fé》 [https://www.ucpress.edu/books/ideology-and-organization-in-communist-china/paper](https://www.ucpress.edu/books/ideology-and-organization-in-communist-china/paper) Franz Schurmann《Ideology and Organization in Communist China》 [https://www.sup.org/books/history/partys-interests-come-first](https://www.sup.org/books/history/partys-interests-come-first) Tang Zhixue 《The Party's Interests Come First》 (Biography of Xi Zhongxun) Related Links: [https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/299269/stalin-by-stephen-kotkin/](https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/299269/stalin-by-stephen-kotkin/) 《Stalin: Paradoxes of Power, 1878-1928》 [https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/529319/stalin-by-stephen-kotkin/](https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/529319/stalin-by-stephen-kotkin/) 《Stalin: Waiting for Hitler, 1929-1941》 Hosted on Acast. See [https://acast.com/privacy](https://acast.com/privacy) for more information.

-本期阵容- Phil Chang 姜昊求 韩中经济社会研究所 所长 张智华 在韩中国人法学会 名誉会长 -时间轴- 00:40 为什么815是日本战败，阅兵在93? 06:10 李在明的光复80周年讲话暗示未来外交政策 14:14 李在明声称要收回作战指挥权 18:50 李在明要清算亲日派财产？ 24:40 韩越首脑会谈举行 39:40 韩美关税谈判的现位置？ 1:11:33 李在明为何特赦83万人？ 1:16:36 韩国到底是法治还是政治？ 1:36:26 为什么尹锡悦抗拒提审？ 1:46:55 金建熙多起收受奢侈品案件浮出水面 2:02:20 韩国的未来检察院改革的利弊 2:09:44 李在明办两次总统任命仪式？ -出品·制作- Phil Chang -听友群- 二维码过期时请查看最新一期正文三台下方二维码是否为最新，或者私信Phil Chang的小红书或抖音（ID：Phil Chang）添加听友群 *本节目欢迎更多有趣优质内容，有相关经历且有兴趣的朋友可以加听友群联系Phil Chang，《正文三台》期待各位的分享！

-Introduction- Hobbes in the history of thought always seems to have two faces - the extreme deduction of Leviathan points to absolutism, while its liberal foundation is much deeper than people imagine. To understand Hobbes' special duality, we need to return to the smoke of the English Civil War and the tide of the scientific revolution, back to the problem awareness of the great era. How did Hobbes, conquered by science, deconstruct the essence of human nature from a mechanistic perspective? Why is Hobbes' methodology uniquely "modern"? How did the state of nature give birth to Hobbes' version of the social contract? Why can the controversial Leviathan theory be understood as the harbinger of liberalism? Please listen to the wonderful sharing from this guest, Xiao P! -Members of this issue- Cheng Yanliang (Weibo @GrenadierGuard2) Xiao P, legal worker (Douban: Xiao p), host of "Bianjiao Liao" -Timeline- 01:52 Boyle VS Hobbes: The political concept confrontation behind the "Vacuum Controversy" 09:32 Hobbes' life: Half his life as a tutor, started writing a lot at the age of 60 14:24 Parliament, nation, religion, trends of thought: The inextricable English Civil War 17:46 Mid-term break of the political revolution, the scientific revolution is in full swing: Hobbes' theoretical background 25:00 Man is a machine: The "mechanical materialism" proposition of "Leviathan" 27:25 Problem awareness in the 17th century: How to overcome skepticism? 30:17 Hobbes' equality assumption: "The unity of the weak can subvert the strong" 31:42 The thrilling leap of political philosophy: Hobbes' "social contract" 33:24 Thought experiment, history and war of ideas: Three kinds of "state of nature" 39:13 God, beast, man, machine: The four faces of "Leviathan" 48:00 Hobbes: "Man's only natural right is freedom from violent death" 55:35 Restoration era, Hobbes was regarded as the "father of atheism" 57:18 Would Hobbes agree with Machiavelli? 01:01:34 Modernity and forward-looking: Rediscovery of Hobbes after the 20th century -Our sponsors' support is our best support- "Suddenly Left and Suddenly Right" book selling business is online! This time, it not only gathers the books discussed in depth in the program, but also the host's personal selection of books, including a small number of signed editions and rare original editions. For complete book information and purchase methods, go to the WeChat official account "Suddenly Left and Suddenly Right leftright" and reply "Buy Books" to get it. The book list will be updated from time to time, welcome to come and see. -Production team- Sound design hotair Program coordination Hefang Program operation Xiaomi Li Program production hualun Sizhao Yo Logo design Yang Wenji -Music- Danse Macabre - Busy Strings - Kevin MacLeod -This program is produced by JustPod © 2025 Shanghai Hulu Network Technology Co., Ltd.- -Interaction method- Business cooperation: [email protected] Weibo: @忽左忽右leftright @播客一下 @JustPod WeChat official account: 忽左忽右Leftright / JustPod / 播客一下 Xiaohongshu: JustPod atmosphere group / 忽左忽右 Bilibili: 忽左忽右leftright Douyin: 忽左忽右

-Introduction- Hobbes in the history of thought always seems to have two faces—the extreme deduction of Leviathan points to absolutism, while its liberal roots are much deeper than people imagine. To understand Hobbes' special duality, one needs to return to the smoke of the English Civil War and the wave of the scientific revolution, and return to the consciousness of the great era. How did Hobbes, conquered by science, deconstruct the nature of human nature from a mechanistic perspective? Why is Hobbes' methodology uniquely "modern"? How did the state of nature give birth to Hobbes' version of the social contract? Why can the controversial Leviathan theory be understood as the forerunner of liberalism? Please listen to the wonderful sharing brought by our guest, Xiao P! -Members of this issue- Cheng Yanliang (Weibo @GrenadierGuard2) Xiao P, legal worker (Douban: Xiao p), host of "Bianjiao Liao" -Timeline- 01:52 Boyle VS Hobbes: The political confrontation behind the "vacuum debate" 09:32 Hobbes' life: Half his life as a tutor, started writing a lot at the age of 60 14:24 Parliament, nation, religion, ideology: The inextricably linked English Civil War 17:46 Political revolution intermission, scientific revolution is booming: Hobbes' theoretical background 25:00 Man is a machine: The "mechanical materialism" proposition of "Leviathan" 27:25 Problems of the 17th century: How to overcome skepticism? 30:17 Hobbes' equality premise: "The unity of the weak can subvert the strong" 31:42 A thrilling leap in political philosophy: Hobbes' "social contract" 33:24 Thought experiment, history and war of ideas: Three kinds of "state of nature" 39:13 God, beast, man, machine: The four faces of "Leviathan" 48:00 Hobbes: "Man's only natural right is freedom from violent death" 55:35 In the restoration era, Hobbes was regarded as the "father of atheism" 57:18 Would Hobbes agree with Machiavelli? 01:01:34 Modernity and Foresight: The Rediscovery of Hobbes after the 20th Century -Supporting our sponsors is the best support for us- "Suddenly Left Suddenly Right"'s book selling business is online! This time, it not only gathers the books discussed in depth in the program, but also the host's personal selection of books, including a small number of signed editions and rare original editions. For complete book information and purchase methods, go to the WeChat official account "Suddenly Left Suddenly Right leftright" and reply "Buy Books" to get it. The book list will be updated from time to time, welcome to come and see. -Production team- Sound design hotair Program coordination He Fang Program operation Xiao Mili Program production hualun Si Zhao Yo Logo design Yang Wenji -Music- Danse Macabre - Busy Strings - Kevin MacLeod -This program is produced by JustPod © 2025 Shanghai Hülü Network Technology Co., Ltd.- -Interaction method- Business cooperation: [email protected] Weibo: @忽左忽右leftright @播客一下 @JustPod WeChat official account: 忽左忽右Leftright / JustPod / 播客一下 Xiaohongshu: JustPod Atmosphere Group / Suddenly Left Suddenly Right Bilibili: 忽左忽右leftright Douyin: 忽左忽右